Kalighat painting is a specific popular painting form that developed in Calcutta in the 19th century, in the streets around the Kalighat temple, a popular place of pilgrimage. These watercolour drawings (called ‘pats) are the work of professional artists (patuas). They depict Hindu gods, goddesses and other mythological characters. They were purchased as souvenirs by visitors to the temple complex for the equivalent of a penny each. Their bold simplifications, strong lines, vibrant use of colour and visual rhythms have a certain affinity with modern art, however the subjects and intentions are specific to the time and place they were produced.

Although thousands of Kalighat paintings were produced during the 19th century, few survive in India, as they were not bought by rich art collectors. There are 69 Kalighat paintings in the Museum’s collection. The provenance of the works prior to 1954 is unknown. It is likely that they were acquired in Calcutta at around 1873.

Hanuman, the monkey deity, is a central figure in the epic, the Ramayana. His ingenuity and courage help to defeat the Demon King Ravana and he became Rama’s most devoted servant. Once, to show the extent of his loyalty, he tore open his chest to reveal Rama and Sita seated on his heart.